Reflecting upon previous article, there are many ways to formulate dispersed knowledge which this article sets to seek especially Second Life (SL) in the last section. Vircus (2008) paper outlines that Web 2.0 Technologies influences "the way in which people learn, access information and communicate with one another". Downes (2005), Bryant (2007) and Mu (2008) provides a greater insight of in-depth discussion of Web 2.0 technology.
2. Web 2.0 Technologies
There are many web 2.0 technologies discussed but we decided a need to narrow down as many have been revealed by other literature materials. However, many more examples can be found by visiting O’Reilly (2007). Research appeared to tailor web 2.0 technologies towards educational organisations – therefore there is a need to expand this to see the exploitation for other organisation expressed in the next section.
There are many web 2.0 technologies discussed but we decided a need to narrow down as many have been revealed by other literature materials. However, many more examples can be found by visiting O’Reilly (2007). Research appeared to tailor web 2.0 technologies towards educational organisations – therefore there is a need to expand this to see the exploitation for other organisation expressed in the next section.
The use of these technologies involved "capturing informal customer comments about products" and also "opinions, likes and dislikes". This profoundly illustrated superior effect on organisations when utilised as expressed by Cearley (2008) in his example of ‘Starbucks’.
Another good example on a very wide scale is Griffin (2009), where he wrote how Barnet Council moved towards “social networking to involve residents in local democracy”. This is perceived as highly beneficial CoP for both parties because supporting the community of residents to voice their concerns. Vice versa the council can understand the people(s) thinking of the borough to enhance the borough and make better services for the community by “involving people far more in the decision process”.
The perceptual impact would enable the community to consider the borough town a better place to live in. As a result of this more people (existing neighbours) would enjoy living happily in the area thus developing the community and not only become top of the league against other boroughs such as Camden, Westminster, Greenwich but also make it more affluential and live area.
2.1 MetaData & TaggingTagging offers benefit but there is a sturdy concern that how one predominantly ‘characterises’ one thing may well be different for someone else. The reason why this is a concern is because if tagging was applied in hospital pharmacy - drug medication – there is a sensitivity of the real caution and relentless of confusion caused of mixing and compatibility which can lead to severe consequences.
However, on another angle, subsequently would be beneficial because there is revelation for all pharmacists to see things on wider perspective angles in which knowledge could represent. Predominantly, we see this as beneficial because there is a form of virtual community of practice taking place. Tagging & MetaData have disadvantages and advantages but will benefit a hospital as this could help to draw new forms of patient services or treatments - a new consideration for innovation such as developing new medications for clinical trials.
The above reflects the classification of Bischoff et al., (2008) discussion of tags as support for search and how the "improvement of information retrieval algorithms" and also claims little “investigation about the different collections of useful of tags".
The above reflects the classification of Bischoff et al., (2008) discussion of tags as support for search and how the "improvement of information retrieval algorithms" and also claims little “investigation about the different collections of useful of tags".
2.2 RSS
A proceeding produced by Atreja et al., (2006) describes how employees in the "biomedical domain" became overloaded with information to their knowledge. This therefore led to a development of "online evidence-based information" portal which served towards "knowledge delivery" made available to "10 hospitals and multiple ambulatory satellite centres". The portal made use of RSS which helped to retrieve to those with similar interests. Also the portal worked as "collaborative learning and "sharing up-to-date medical information".
A proceeding produced by Atreja et al., (2006) describes how employees in the "biomedical domain" became overloaded with information to their knowledge. This therefore led to a development of "online evidence-based information" portal which served towards "knowledge delivery" made available to "10 hospitals and multiple ambulatory satellite centres". The portal made use of RSS which helped to retrieve to those with similar interests. Also the portal worked as "collaborative learning and "sharing up-to-date medical information".
2.3 Wiki & Weblog
Fuchs-Kittowski & Kohler (2005) described the idea of wiki as "company's own work processes" and also "relevant knowledge carriers" and claim existing IT solutions cannot obtain KM because of the inflexibility of obtaining access. They also mention how supports the "flexible of generation of new knowledge and experience". To analyse this, we agree in justifying problems through combination of community as Fuchs-Kittowski & Kohler (2005) encountered and referred this as "knowledge network". We have applied this to University of Bristol and Barclays found on Tse (2009).
Fuchs-Kittowski & Kohler (2005) described the idea of wiki as "company's own work processes" and also "relevant knowledge carriers" and claim existing IT solutions cannot obtain KM because of the inflexibility of obtaining access. They also mention how supports the "flexible of generation of new knowledge and experience". To analyse this, we agree in justifying problems through combination of community as Fuchs-Kittowski & Kohler (2005) encountered and referred this as "knowledge network". We have applied this to University of Bristol and Barclays found on Tse (2009).
University of Bristol (2008) provided E-Learning for staff members only "to enhance their teaching", this being in the form of CoP because the main domain here is "teaching" and sharing to others that want to explore or "know what practice" are best.
Barclays are "keenly aware" people are the resource, they must re-invent the organisation and also the products to survive in today's banking crisis which can be very damaging to the economic growth Guardian (2008). They establish this through quarterly seminars acting as a “forum”.
Barclays are "keenly aware" people are the resource, they must re-invent the organisation and also the products to survive in today's banking crisis which can be very damaging to the economic growth Guardian (2008). They establish this through quarterly seminars acting as a “forum”.
Barclays created “Knowledge Bank" (KB) because of concerns in duplication of projects across the bank which therefore meant waste of time and money. The introduction of KB helped to identify people in the organisation their expertise area and experience(s) through the initial concept that knowledge "multiplies as it is shared". The system was designed to encourage more exchange of tacit information rather than explicit across all platforms for Barclays (Redshaw & Footit, 2000).
3. Abandoned IssuesThere have been lack of discovery or exploration in this in-depth area but attention was drawn to how good is the design of web 2.0 technology as Jakob Nielson warned about the "rush to make webpages more dynamically" (BBC News, 2007). This therefore gives concerns in terms of the users sharing their knowledge. Is knowledge collaborated shared the correct way for serving a purpose? This is like to say, the way of being served at meal.
4. Second Life
Schmeil & Eppler (2008) paper proposes the paradigm of virtual environment that facilitates "knowledge sharing and integration in groups". Flinders (2007) discusses the CoP domain of recruitment and how corporate firms such as "Royal Bank Of Scotland and KPMG hosts jobs fair” in SL. We perceived this as value as Lomas (2009) mentioned one major advantage of travelling costs being decreased as people join together virtually. One area for critiscm here is that although time is save towards travelling but the interactivity online is far more different than direct face to face discussion. Weekes (2007) for example described where employers merged together for “training amphitheatres to update knowledge on new products”. A positive factor helps the shy and closed ones to reveal their qualities.
Schmeil & Eppler (2008) paper proposes the paradigm of virtual environment that facilitates "knowledge sharing and integration in groups". Flinders (2007) discusses the CoP domain of recruitment and how corporate firms such as "Royal Bank Of Scotland and KPMG hosts jobs fair” in SL. We perceived this as value as Lomas (2009) mentioned one major advantage of travelling costs being decreased as people join together virtually. One area for critiscm here is that although time is save towards travelling but the interactivity online is far more different than direct face to face discussion. Weekes (2007) for example described where employers merged together for “training amphitheatres to update knowledge on new products”. A positive factor helps the shy and closed ones to reveal their qualities.
5. Application Towards Close of Thought
If organisation’s utilises all of above web technologies in some form of a way or another – this generates a high level of aptitude both building on existing blocks but also most importantly generating new intelligence. So far majority aimed to promote the positive with mere little negativity with the exception of Levy (2009) where she replenishes "implications of KM" and "the non-trivial process".
If organisation’s utilises all of above web technologies in some form of a way or another – this generates a high level of aptitude both building on existing blocks but also most importantly generating new intelligence. So far majority aimed to promote the positive with mere little negativity with the exception of Levy (2009) where she replenishes "implications of KM" and "the non-trivial process".
Virtual Bubbles will require the need to use web 2.0 technologies but also incorporating existing technologies in place. The reason for this is because it will allows customers to see the organisation moving forward and adapting to new technology but also enabling those customers that are weak to bring up heave their skills, this incorporating customers experience alongside.
The different forms of web 2.0 can help VB to think and see things on a wider perspective angle through tagging and RSS for those that were unable to attend in the initial meetings or require information that suits them. Also Prahalad & Ramaswamy (2000) explains how organisations have been drawn towards a "broad network" of linkages to other businesses which they classified as "extended enterprise". This should be considered as it plays the component enhancing VB learning but also at the same time through community of practice. Further thorough critical analysis of application is discussed below.
SL is a must to allow VB to operate virtually because this will take the organisation globally rather than idle in one country. By being exposed to others this can build and augment the organisation to be more powerful with learning and excel.
Especially with the current economic climate, this can be infuriatingly expensive towards the running of VB such as expenditures and physical overheads. Therefore, subsequently SL would be highly beneficial from the idea's and work of a well premeditated example in Kirriemuir (2007) discussion of educational environment and also delineated in Cheal (2007) where "anyone from anywhere" and "be vaporised with no limits". Reflecting on this, VB would be better off to supervene bubbles as opposed to Authers (2009) of "chasing bubbles". We find the idea conventional well structured in specific towards "straightforward on the behaviour of fellow human beings".
Overall in evaluation, web 2.0 along with SL sets the new evolutionary trend for obtaining knowledge in the event of an invisible bubble burst (like with the banks). In contrary, SL offers highly potential value to VB particularly with exploring to learn on a comprehensive wide scale, also including the provision insight into the way things could be understood and “what’s happening in the different SIMS”(BusinessWeek, 2006).
One point of justification here is that SL is very orientated towards people who have the element of IT skills, this therefore means VB needs to acknowledge conspicuously to those that do not use SL as they will have solid ethical mind, realistically we should depict and blend both the two together to excel VB, we derived to this from presentation works of Kinsella et al., (2008).
6. Summary
The new technologies developed draw many vast attractiveness and ubiquitous new opportunities for exposure. This demonstrates that people learn to foster different challenges which many different organisations can ascertain knowledge from, but before one can derive on decision there is a need to evaluate the resources displayed.
However this gives an underlying thought of concern of management autonomy – who will anticipate this overload of system and technology, this you may foresee if there is pursuable onto part3?
7. References:
-Atreja, A., Messinger-Rappor, B., Jain, A. & Mehta, N. (2006). Using Web 2.0 Technologies To Develop A Resource For Evidence Based Medicine. [Online]. Available: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1839440&blobtype=pdf [2009, 07/03/2009].
-Authers, J. (2009). Chasing Bubbles, FTWealth, (Issue 5, Spring 2009). Financial Times, pp.8
-BBC News (2007). Web 2.0 'Neglecting Good Design', [Online]. Available: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6653119.stm [2009, 28/02/2009].
-Bischoff, K., Firan, C., Nejdl, W. & Paiu, R. (2008). Can All Tages Be Used For Search? [Online]. Available: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1458082.1458112 [2009, 23/03/2009].
-Bryant, L. (2007). Emerging Trends In Social Software For Education, Emerging Technologies for Learning, Vol. 2, pp. 9-22, [Online]. Available: http://partners.becta.org.uk/page_documents/research/emerging_technologies07_chapter1.pdf [2009, 28/02/2009].
-BusinessWeek, (2006). My Virtual Life, [Online]. Available: http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_18/b3982001.htm [2009, 26/03/2009].
-Cearley, D. (2008). Businesses Can Boost Innovation with Web 2.0 Technology. [Online] Available: http://www.computerweekly.com/Articles/2008/05/13/230665/businesses-can-boost-innovation-with-web-2.0-technology-gartner.htm [2009, 28/02/2009].
-Cheal, C. (2007). Second Life: Hype Or Hyperlearning?. On The Horizon, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 204 - 210.
-Downes, S. (2005). E-Learning 2.0 eLearn Magazine: Education and Technology in perspective, [Online]. Available at: www.elearnmag.org/subpage.cfm?section=articles&article=29-1 [2009, 28/02/2009].
-Flinders, K. (2007). Corporates Use Second Life To Recruit. [Online]. Available: http://www.computerweekly.com/Articles/2007/10/18/227548/corporates-use-second-life-to-recruit.htm [2009, 27/03/2009].
-Fuchs-Kittowski, F. & Kohler, A. (2005). Wiki Communities In The Context Of Work Processes. [Online]. Available: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1104973.1104977 [2009, 20/03/2009].
-Griffin, N. (2009). Minister’s Praise For Networking Barnet, The Press,Thursday 26th March 2009, p.10.
-Guardian, (2008). Banking Crisis Timeline. [Online]. Available: http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/oct/08/creditcrunch.marketturmoil [2009, 07/03/2009].
-Levy, M. (2009). Web 2.0 Implicatins On Knowledge Management, Journal Of Knowledge Management, vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 120 - 134.
-Lomas, N. (2009). Virtual Meetings To Ground Two Million Airline Seats. [Online]. Available: http://www.silicon.com/retailandleisure/0,3800011842,39393198,00.htm [2009, 27/03/2009].
Kinsella, S., Budura, A., Skobeltsyn, G., Michel, S., Breslin, J. G. & Aberer, K. (2008). From Web 1.0 To Web 2.0 And Back - How Did Your Grandma Use To Tag?. [Online]. Available: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1458502.1458516 [2009, 27/03/2009].
-Kirriemuir, J. (2007). The Second Life Of UK Academics, [Online]. Available: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue53/kirriemuir/ [2009, 26/03/2009].
-Mu, C. (2008). Using RSS Feeds And Social Bookmarking Tools To Keep Current. Library Hi Tech News, Vol.25, No.9. pp.10 - 11.
-O'Reilly, T. (2007). What is Web 2.0? [Online]. Available: www.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/6228 [2009, 28/02/2009].
-Prahalad, C. K. & Ramaswamy, V. (2000). Co-Opting Customer Competence, Havard Business Review, [Online]. Available: http://hbr.harvardbusiness.org/2000/01/co-opting-customer-competence/ar/1 [2009, 13/03/2009].
-Redshaw, A. & Footit, A. (2000). Virtual Assets In Barclays, [Online]. Available: http://www.ikmagazine.com/xq/asp/sid.0/articleid.1293E1D0-6578-4AFF-82F9-F4A745AA7D4/eTitle.Virtual_Assets_in_Barclays/qx/display.htm [2009, 07/03/2009].
-Schmeil, A. & Eppler, M. (2008). Collaboration Patterns for Knowledge Sharing and Integration in Second Life: A Classification of Virtual 3D Group Interaction Scripts. [Online]. Available: http://www.knowledge-communication.org/pdf/Schmeil_Eppler_IKNOW08.pdf [2009, 15/03/2009].
-University Of Bristol, (2008). E-Learning Support & Development. [Online]. Available: http://www.bris.ac.uk/esu/elearning/ [2009, 03/03/2009].
-Tse, M. (2009). Article3 - Would Web 2.0 Technologies & Virtual Imaginative World Really Work? [Online]. Available: http://mc-tse.blogspot.com/2009/03/article3-would-web-20-technologies.html [2009, 29/03/2009].
-Vircus, S. (2008). Use of Web 2.0 Technologies in LIS: Experiences At Tallinn University, Estonia. Electronic Library and Information Systems, Vol. 42, No. 3. pp. 262-274.
-Weekes, S. (2007). Web 2.0 And Its Impact On E-Learning. [Online]. Available: http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2007/09/18/42264/web-2.0-and-its-impact-on-e-learning.html [2009, 26/03/2009].
-Weekes, S. (2007). Second Life Systems Reinvigorate E-Learning [Online]. Available: http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2007/11/20/43232/second-life-systems-reinvigorate-e-learning.html [2009, 27/03/2009].
-Atreja, A., Messinger-Rappor, B., Jain, A. & Mehta, N. (2006). Using Web 2.0 Technologies To Develop A Resource For Evidence Based Medicine. [Online]. Available: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1839440&blobtype=pdf [2009, 07/03/2009].
-Authers, J. (2009). Chasing Bubbles, FTWealth, (Issue 5, Spring 2009). Financial Times, pp.8
-BBC News (2007). Web 2.0 'Neglecting Good Design', [Online]. Available: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6653119.stm [2009, 28/02/2009].
-Bischoff, K., Firan, C., Nejdl, W. & Paiu, R. (2008). Can All Tages Be Used For Search? [Online]. Available: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1458082.1458112 [2009, 23/03/2009].
-Bryant, L. (2007). Emerging Trends In Social Software For Education, Emerging Technologies for Learning, Vol. 2, pp. 9-22, [Online]. Available: http://partners.becta.org.uk/page_documents/research/emerging_technologies07_chapter1.pdf [2009, 28/02/2009].
-BusinessWeek, (2006). My Virtual Life, [Online]. Available: http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_18/b3982001.htm [2009, 26/03/2009].
-Cearley, D. (2008). Businesses Can Boost Innovation with Web 2.0 Technology. [Online] Available: http://www.computerweekly.com/Articles/2008/05/13/230665/businesses-can-boost-innovation-with-web-2.0-technology-gartner.htm [2009, 28/02/2009].
-Cheal, C. (2007). Second Life: Hype Or Hyperlearning?. On The Horizon, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 204 - 210.
-Downes, S. (2005). E-Learning 2.0 eLearn Magazine: Education and Technology in perspective, [Online]. Available at: www.elearnmag.org/subpage.cfm?section=articles&article=29-1 [2009, 28/02/2009].
-Flinders, K. (2007). Corporates Use Second Life To Recruit. [Online]. Available: http://www.computerweekly.com/Articles/2007/10/18/227548/corporates-use-second-life-to-recruit.htm [2009, 27/03/2009].
-Fuchs-Kittowski, F. & Kohler, A. (2005). Wiki Communities In The Context Of Work Processes. [Online]. Available: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1104973.1104977 [2009, 20/03/2009].
-Griffin, N. (2009). Minister’s Praise For Networking Barnet, The Press,Thursday 26th March 2009, p.10.
-Guardian, (2008). Banking Crisis Timeline. [Online]. Available: http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/oct/08/creditcrunch.marketturmoil [2009, 07/03/2009].
-Levy, M. (2009). Web 2.0 Implicatins On Knowledge Management, Journal Of Knowledge Management, vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 120 - 134.
-Lomas, N. (2009). Virtual Meetings To Ground Two Million Airline Seats. [Online]. Available: http://www.silicon.com/retailandleisure/0,3800011842,39393198,00.htm [2009, 27/03/2009].
Kinsella, S., Budura, A., Skobeltsyn, G., Michel, S., Breslin, J. G. & Aberer, K. (2008). From Web 1.0 To Web 2.0 And Back - How Did Your Grandma Use To Tag?. [Online]. Available: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1458502.1458516 [2009, 27/03/2009].
-Kirriemuir, J. (2007). The Second Life Of UK Academics, [Online]. Available: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue53/kirriemuir/ [2009, 26/03/2009].
-Mu, C. (2008). Using RSS Feeds And Social Bookmarking Tools To Keep Current. Library Hi Tech News, Vol.25, No.9. pp.10 - 11.
-O'Reilly, T. (2007). What is Web 2.0? [Online]. Available: www.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/6228 [2009, 28/02/2009].
-Prahalad, C. K. & Ramaswamy, V. (2000). Co-Opting Customer Competence, Havard Business Review, [Online]. Available: http://hbr.harvardbusiness.org/2000/01/co-opting-customer-competence/ar/1 [2009, 13/03/2009].
-Redshaw, A. & Footit, A. (2000). Virtual Assets In Barclays, [Online]. Available: http://www.ikmagazine.com/xq/asp/sid.0/articleid.1293E1D0-6578-4AFF-82F9-F4A745AA7D4/eTitle.Virtual_Assets_in_Barclays/qx/display.htm [2009, 07/03/2009].
-Schmeil, A. & Eppler, M. (2008). Collaboration Patterns for Knowledge Sharing and Integration in Second Life: A Classification of Virtual 3D Group Interaction Scripts. [Online]. Available: http://www.knowledge-communication.org/pdf/Schmeil_Eppler_IKNOW08.pdf [2009, 15/03/2009].
-University Of Bristol, (2008). E-Learning Support & Development. [Online]. Available: http://www.bris.ac.uk/esu/elearning/ [2009, 03/03/2009].
-Tse, M. (2009). Article3 - Would Web 2.0 Technologies & Virtual Imaginative World Really Work? [Online]. Available: http://mc-tse.blogspot.com/2009/03/article3-would-web-20-technologies.html [2009, 29/03/2009].
-Vircus, S. (2008). Use of Web 2.0 Technologies in LIS: Experiences At Tallinn University, Estonia. Electronic Library and Information Systems, Vol. 42, No. 3. pp. 262-274.
-Weekes, S. (2007). Web 2.0 And Its Impact On E-Learning. [Online]. Available: http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2007/09/18/42264/web-2.0-and-its-impact-on-e-learning.html [2009, 26/03/2009].
-Weekes, S. (2007). Second Life Systems Reinvigorate E-Learning [Online]. Available: http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2007/11/20/43232/second-life-systems-reinvigorate-e-learning.html [2009, 27/03/2009].
Further Reading:
-Anderson, P. (2007). What Is Web 2.0? Ideas, Technologies And Implications For Education. [Online]. Available: http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw0701b.pdf [2009,16/03/2009]. -Compur Mentor (2009). TechSoup Global In Second Life. [Online]. Available: http://www.techsoup.org/community/secondlife/ [2009, 27/03/2009].
-Heath, N. (2009). Can The Internet Change Your Brain? [Online]. Available: http://networks.silicon.com/webwatch/0,39024667,39410933,00.htm [2009, 27/03/2009].
-InfoPirate (2006). Dutch Bank ABN Sets Up Branch In Second Life. [Online]. Available: http://www.infopirate.org/dutch-bank-abn-sets-up-branch-in-second-life [2009, 27/03/2009].
-Jafari, M., Akhavan, P., Fesharaki, M. N. & Fathian, M. (2007). Iran aerospace industries' KM approach based on a comparative study: a benchmarking on successful practices. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 79, No. 1, pp.69 - 78.
-Kirkpatrick, D. (2007). It's Not A Game. [Online]. Available: http://money.cnn.com/2007/01/22/magazines/fortune/whatsnext_secondlife.fortune/index3.htm [2009, 27/03/2009].
-Morales, E., Garcia, F., Rego, H., Moreira, T. & Barbosa, H. (2005). Knowledge Management For E-Learning Based On Learning Objects: A Qualitative Focus, 6th International Conference, -Oberhelman, D. D. (2007). Coming To Terms With Web 2.0. Reference Reviews, Vol. 21, No. 7, pp. 5-6.
-Riley, J. (2007). Virtual Worlds Are 2008s 'Breakthrough Technology'. [Online]. Available: http://www.computerweekly.com/Articles/2007/11/02/227900/virtual-worlds-are-2008s-breakthrough-technology.htm [2009, 27/03/2009].
-Virtual World News (2008). ABN Ambro To Use Active Worlds For Internal Collaboration. [Online]. Available: http://www.virtualworldsnews.com/2008/04/abn-ambro-to-us.html [2009, 26/03/2009].
-Weekes, S. (2007). Web 2.0 And Its Impact On E-Learning. [Online]. Available: http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2007/09/18/42264/web-2.0-and-its-impact-on-e-learning.html [2009, 26/03/2009].
-Weekes, S. (2007). Second Life Systems Reinvigorate E-Learning [Online]. Available: http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2007/11/20/43232/second-life-systems-reinvigorate-e-learning.html [2009, 27/03/2009].
-Wolley, P. (2007). Second Life And The Voluntary Sector. [Online]. Available: http://www.ictknowledgebase.org.uk/secondlife [2009, 26/03/2009].
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